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Samanids - Iranian dynasty. | |||
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T heir founding father and namesake, Saman Khudat, descended from an Old Iranian priestly family; after 819 his four grandsons became Tahirid governors in Samarqand, Fergana, Shash, and Herat. Nasir ibn Ahmad (874-892), son of the governor of 5amarqand, took over his office in 864, became Abbasid governor of Transoxiana after the collapse of the Tahirids in 874, and claimed de facto independence. His brother, Ismail (892-907), had destroyed the 5affarid Empire by 903 and taken pos- session of Afghanistan and large parts of Persia with Khorasan. The empire underwent its greatest expansion under Nasr the 2nd (914-943): from Baghdad, Kerman, and Mazandaran (Persian Gulf) to Turkestan and the Indian border. From 945 onwards the Buyids drove the Samanids back to Transoxiana and Khorasan.
Under Mansor the 1st (961-976) and Nuoh the 2nd (976-997), the flourishing court constituted the focal point of spiritual life in Persia and Persian Islamic literature. Having for many years guarded the border against the Turkish peoples attacking from the east, in 994 the Samanids lost Khorasan to the Ghaznavids and in 999 Transoxiana to the Qarakhanids, who finally drove them out; in 1005 the last Samanid was murdered while fleeing.
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