|
Name |
Ottomans - Turkish dynasty | |||
|
Capital |
|
|||
|
Location |
|
|||
|
Period |
|
|||
|
|
||||
|
As an association of Ghuzz Turks, in the 13th century they were driven out of central Asia by the Mongols towards the west, where they formed a belligerent frontier emirate in Bithynia (from 1237) and later drove back the Anatolian Seljuk's. Under the first sultan, Osman (1280/1300-1326) and his successors came a period of successful self-assertion and expansion, achieved to the cost of the Byzantine empire (conquest of Bursa in 1326 and Edirne in 1361). ln 1354 the Ottomans established their first strongholds in the Balkans (Gallipoli) and assembled the elite Janissary corps, which enabled them to expand rapidly though the Balkans and into Anatolia (with victories in the battles of Kosovo in 1389 and Nicopolis in 1396). In 1402 they suffered defeat by the troops of Timur lenk at Ankara, which was followed by political confusion. A reorganization of the state and further expansion followed under Murad the 2nd (1421-1451) and Mehmed the 2nd (1451-1481), who conquered Constantinople in 1453 and destroyed the Christian Byzantine Empire.
The Ottomans became the leading power in the Islamic world and landed in lower Italy in 1480/81. Selim I (1512-1520) conquered the whole of the Near East (Syria and Pales- tine in 1516, Egypt in 1517, followed by the Arabian Peninsula), emerged victorious against the 5afavids at Chaldiran in 1514, and took over Azerbaijan; he assumed the title of caliph. The cultural zenith was the rule of his son, Sulayman the 2nd, the Magnificent (1520-1566), who conquered the Balkans (as far as Hungary, siege of Vienna in 1529) and expanded control of the Mediterranean (occupation of the entire Maghrib coast from 1552, rule over Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya). After 1566, with a few exceptions, weak or incapable sultans ruled, so that the period from 1656 saw the supremacy of the great viziers and Janissary officers, as well as cultural refinement and political decadence.
Osman I (12811326; bey)
|
||||
|
Architecture style |
|
|||
|
Related Dynasties |
|
|||
|
Related books |
Turks : A Journey of a Thousand Years, 600-1600 (Hardcover) This magnificent book accompanies a spectacular exhibition devoted to the artistic and cultural riches of the Turkic-speaking peoples. Essays by leading scholars trace Turkic history and cultural development, while works of art ranging from painting and sculpture to textiles, metalwork, and ceramics reflect the artistic influences that the Turks assimilated, from their early nomadic wanderings to the glories produced during the reign of Sόleyman the Magnificent. The book takes the reader on a breathtaking journey from the eastern border of modern China to the Balkans in the west.
Turkish Designs (Paperback) This book contains stunning images for use as a graphic resource, or inspiration. All the illustrations are stored in high-resolution format on the enclosed free CD-ROM and are ready to use for professional quality printed media and web page design. The pictures can also be used to produce postcards, or to decorate your letters, flyers, etc. They can be imported directly from the CD into most design, image- manipulation, illustration, word-processing and e-mail programs; no installation is required. For most applications, single images can be used free of charge. Please consult the introduction to this book, or visit our website for conditions.
Iznik: The Artistry of Ottoman Ceramics (Hardcover) Walter B. Denny, Professor of Art History at the University of Massachusetts, offers new perspectives on one of the most popular Islamic art forms. Covering both Iznik piθces de forme and the famous Iznik tiles that decorate Ottoman imperial monuments, the book integrates the entire spectrum of Iznik production, both titles and wares, with the broader artistic tradition in which it originated. Professor Denny begins with a discussion of the particular nature of Islamic art under the Ottomans. He then examines the relationship between the court style of Istanbul and the ceramic ateliers in Iznik in nearby Bithynia, and the crucial role of two stylesdubbed by the author the "enchanted forest" and "heavenly garden" (the saz and aux quartre fleurs styles)and their creators, Shah Kulu and Kara Memi. Finally, he covers Iznik works with human or animal imagery, the patronage of non-Muslim communities within the Ottoman Empire, and the chronicle of destruction and damage of tiled monuments due to war, earthquake, and fire. The book ends with a look at the extraordinary historical legacy of Iznik ceramics, from early imitations in the Ottoman Empire and Europe to the astonishing appearance of ceramics in the Iznik style created by European studio potters in the nineteenth century. The first study of Iznik ceramics to combine these different thematic elements, the book reflects Professor Denny's ambition, almost thirty-five years after completing his doctoral dissertation on Iznik tiles and after well over a dozen publications on the subject, to create a comprehensive overview of this beautiful and popular art form. 250 illustrations, 230 in color. |
|||
|
Have information? |
Please Contribute it | |||
|
Credits |
n/a |
|||
