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Ilkhanids - Mongolian dynasty | |||
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Hulagu (1253-1265), a grandson of Ghengis Khan, conquered Iran in 1256 on behalf of his brother, the Great Khan Mongke, and launched the Mongol attack on Baghdad in 1258. He assumed the title Ilkhan ('subordinate or peaceful khan') in recognition of the leadership aspirations of the Great Khan of the Mongols. In 1260 he was defeated by the Mamluks under Sultan Baibars at Ain Jalut (in Palestine), hindering the expansion westward. Hulagu's son, Abaqa (1265-12B2), consolidated his authority via the battle against the Mamluks and subdued the Caucasus; a political alliance with Christian Europe failed.
During the short-lasting governments that followed, the economic and financial systems went into decline. Under Khan Ghazan (1295-1304), who made Islam the state religion, and his brother, Oljaito (1304-1316), who converted to Shiism in 1310, the empire experienced its political and cultural zenith. The last Ilkhanids, Abu Said (1316-1335), a Sunnite, declared peace with the Mamluks (1323), restored Mongol sovereignty over Anatolia, and successfully advanced into the Caucasus. After this the empire broke up into different dominions, which developed separately.
Ilkhanids rulers Hulegu Kha n (1256-1265)Abaqa (1265-1282) Teguder (1282-1284) Arghun (1284-1291) Geikhatu (1291-1295) Baidu (1295-1295) Ghazan (1295-1304) Öljeitü(1304-1316) Abu Sa'id (1316-1335) Arpa Ke'un (1335-1336) Musa (1336-1337) Muhammed Khan (1337-1340)
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