|
Name |
Abbasids the 2nd dynasty of caliphs. |
|
Capital |
|
|
Location |
|
|
Period |
|
|
|
|
|
The Arab tribe of Banu al-Abbas, whose lineage was said to descend from the Prophet's uncle, al-Abbas ibn Abed Al-Muttalib. With the cooperation of the Muslim Shia groups, Abu Al-Abbas Al-Saffah (750-754) removed the leadership of the Umayyad in a bloody campaign. He and his brother, Abu Jafar Al-Mansor (754-775), introduced harsh measures to consolidate their power; in (762) Baghdad was founded. The political and cultural zenith came under Harun al-Rashid (786-809) with the help of the Barmakids until 803 and his son, Al-Mammon (813-833), who made Baghdad the center of science and raised Mutazilite rationalism to the state doctrine.
From 800 onwards, various provinces sought independence from the empire under their own dynasties. Following the assassination of Al-Mutawakil (847-861), political power dissipated and the Abbasids finally came under the supreme control of various military dynasties: the Buyids (945-1055), the Great Seljuk's (1038-1194), and the Khwarazm Shahs (1192-1220), so that the caliph was reduced to a religious figurehead. Caliphal sovereignty was largely restored to Caliph Al-Nasir (1180-1225), but his great-grandson, Al-Mutasim (1242-1258), who had refused to join the Mongol 'peace federation: fell victim to the Mongol invasions in 1258. An Abbasid shadow caliphate was established (1260-1517) under the tutelage of the Mamluks in Cairo. |
|
|
Dynasties style |
|
|
Architecture style |
|
|
Related Dynasties |
|
|
Related books |
|
|
Have information? |
Please Contribute it |
|
Credits |
n/a |
